Current Issue : October - December Volume : 2020 Issue Number : 4 Articles : 6 Articles
Flunixin meglumine (FM) was investigated for the effectiveness of plasma, oral fluid, and urine\nconcentrations to predict tissue residue depletion profiles in finishing-age swine, along with the potential for\nuntreated pigs to acquire tissue residues following commingled housing with FM-treated pigs. Twenty pigs were\nhoused in groups of three treated and one untreated control. Treated pigs received one 2.2 mg/kg dose of FM\nintramuscularly. Before treatment and at 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48 h (h) after treatment, plasma samples were taken.\nAt 1, 4, 8, 12 and 16 days (d) post-treatment, necropsy and collection of plasma, urine, oral fluid, muscle, liver,\nkidney, and injection site samples took place. Analysis of flunixin concentrations using liquid chromatography/\ntandem mass spectrometry was done. A published physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for flunixin\nin cattle was extrapolated to swine to simulate the measured data.\nResults: Plasma concentrations of flunixin were the highest at 1 h post-treatment, ranging from 1534 to 7040 ng/\nmL, and were less than limit of quantification (LOQ) of 5 ng/mL in all samples on Day 4. Flunixin was detected in\nthe liver and kidney only on Day 1, but was not found 4â??16 d post-treatment. Flunixin was either not seen or\nfound less than LOQ in the muscle, with the exception of one sample on Day 16 at a level close to LOQ. Flunixin\nwas found in the urine of untreated pigs after commingled housing with FM-treated pigs. The PBPK model\nadequately correlated plasma, oral fluid and urine concentrations of flunixin with residue depletion profiles in liver,\nkidney, and muscle of finishing-age pigs, especially within 24 h after dosing....
The objective of this study was to investigate the metabolic and osmotic effects of different doses of\nglycerol or a glycerol - propylene glycol mixture in Sarda sheep with the aim to identify those able to beneficially\nmodify eweâ??s metabolic status without harmful changes in red blood cell (RBC) indices. Thereafter, the selected\ndoses were tested for their effects on eweâ??s ovarian activity during an induced follicular phase and compared to\nthe effects of a hormonal treatment with equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG).......................
Background: Canine visceral hemangiosarcoma (HSA) is a highly aggressive cancer of endothelial origin that\nclosely resembles visceral angiosarcoma in humans, both clinically and histopathologically. Currently there is an\nunmet need for new diagnostics and therapies for both forms of this disease. The goal of this study was to utilize\nChromatin run-on sequencing (ChRO-seq) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) to identify gene and protein expression\nsignatures that may be important drivers of HSA progression.\nResults: ChRO-seq was performed on tissue isolated from 17 HSA samples and 4 normal splenic samples.\nComputational analysis was then used to identify differentially expressed genes and these factors were subjected to\ngene ontology analysis. ChRO-seq analysis revealed over a thousand differentially expressed genes in HSA tissue\ncompared with normal splenic tissue..........................
A large number of animal species are susceptible to Leishmania infantum (Kinetoplastida, Trypanosomatidae)\nin endemic areas, including domestic and wild felids such as tigers (Panthera tigris). Knowledge on the infection of this\nendangered species is still at its infancy, and therefore this study aims to identify clinical presentation and clinicopathological\nfindings of tigers naturally infected by L. infantum.\nResults: Tigers either L. infantum-positive (group A) or -negative (group B) were apparently healthy or presented visceral\nleishmaniasis unrelated conditions, except for one animal in which a large non-healing cutaneous lesion was observed.\nHowever, histological exam and immunohistochemistry carried out on the lesion excluded the presence of L. infantum\namastigotes. Biochemical analysis showed that the average concentration of total proteins, globulins and haptoglobin were\nsignificantly higher (p < 0.01, p=0.01 and p = 0.02, respectively), while the albumin/globulin ratio significantly lower (p = 0.05)\nin group A compared with group B. The biochemical alterations were partially confirmed by the serum protein\nelectrophoresis results revealing a significant increase in the total protein value (p = 0.01) and hypergammaglobulinemia\n(p = 0.03) but an unmodified albumin/globulin ratio in group A.\nConclusions: In this study tigers infected by L. infantum have shown to be mainly asymptomatic. The absence of clinical\nsigns may lead veterinarians to overlook leishmaniasis in animals kept in captivity. Therefore, diagnostic and screening tests\nas serology should be part of routinely surveillance programs to be performed on tigers in zoological gardens located in\nendemic areas. Though only few protein-related laboratory abnormalities were recorded in infected animals, they could\nprovide diagnostic clues for a first suspicion of L. infantum infection in tigers. Indeed, considering the high risk of zoonotic\ntransmission in heavily frequented environment as zoos, a prompt diagnosis of L. infantum infection is of pivotal importance....
Background: In humans, respiratory complications in patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) are a common lifethreatening\ncomorbidity. Since possible lung impairment has not been individually evaluated in canine AP, the aims\nof the present study were to: (1) describe the prevalence, types and severity of pulmonary complications in dogs\nwith acute presentation of AP, and (2) evaluate their association with mortality. AP diagnosis was based on\ncompatible clinical and laboratory parameters, abnormal canine pancreatic-lipase test, and positive abdominal\nultrasound within 48 h from admission. The canine acute pancreatitis severity score (CAPS) was calculated for each\ndog at admission. Arterial blood gas analysis and thoracic radiography were performed at admission. Thoracic\nradiography was classified on the basis of pulmonary pattern (normal, interstitial or alveolar) and a modified lung\ninjury score (mLIS) was applied to the ventrodorsal projections for each dog. VetALI/VetARDS were diagnosed using\ncurrent veterinary consensus. Dogs were divided into non-survivors or survivors (hospital discharge). Clinical,\nradiological and blood gas parameters collected at presentation were compared between survivors and nonsurvivors\nand associated with mortality.....................
A negative potential is occasionally recorded in humans and animals with profound deafness during\nbrainstem auditory evoked potential (BAER) tests if loud intensities are used. This acoustically evoked short latency\nnegative response (ASNR) is hypothesized to be of saccular origin. The sensitivity to sound of vestibular end organs\nis also used to produce vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMP), a test that evaluates vestibular function. The\nsame saccular origin is accepted also for VEMP.\nCase presentation: A neutered male white domestic short hair cat presented with profound deafness and an\nASNR in the left ear during BAER test performed when he was 8 months old. BAER tracings were substantially\nunchanged at the age of 12 years, immediately before euthanasia that was requested by the owner for the\npresence of an unrelated neoplastic disorder. The cat underwent a complete post-mortem necropsy including\nhistopathology of the middle and inner ears. Histopathologic results confirmed the presence of a cochleosaccular\ndegeneration of the left ear while the cochlea and sacculus of the right ear and the utriculus and semicircular\ncanals of both ears were histologically normal.\nConclusions: This case report describes the auditory and histopathologic findings of a cat that showed an ASNR\nduring BAER test despite the presence of cochleosaccular deafness. These results confirm that a saccular origin for\nthe ASNR in this case, and in general in cats and dogs with congenital deafness associated with white\npigmentation, is improbable. The hypothesis that the sacculus is the vestibular end organ responsible for the\ngeneration of the ASNR and VEMP in humans comes mainly from animal studies. The findings in this report may\nchange the clinical interpretation of the results of BAER and VEMP not only in companion animals, but in humans\nas well....
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